Optimalisasi Pelayanan Bongkar Muat untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Bongkar Komoditas Bauksit pada Terminal Kijing, Pelabuhan Pontianak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30640/jmcbus.v4i4.7586Keywords:
Bauxite, Dry Bulk, Lean Six Sigma, Operational Performance, Service OptimizationAbstract
Kijing Terminal, operated by PT Pelindo Multi Terminal, has a strategic role in supporting the bauxite supply chain for the Smelter Grade Alumina Refinery (SGAR) in West Kalimantan. However, the terminal faces challenges in achieving the agreed Service Level Agreement (SLA) due to low bauxite unloading productivity.This study aims to analyze the existing condition of bauxite loading and unloading services, identify the root causes of operational inefficiencies, and formulate improvement strategies using the Lean Six Sigma method. The research employs a qualitative approach through interviews with key informants and analysis of operational performance data.The findings reveal that the main factors affecting operational performance are truck waiting time due to cargo unavailability, idle time during loading and unloading activities, and equipment disturbances. Improvement strategies are proposed by reducing Non-Value Added (NVA) activities, minimizing waiting time, optimizing work preparation and vessel departure processes, and improving process capability through cycle time acceleration and operational pattern modification using bucket-based equipment.The proposed improvements are expected to enhance bauxite handling productivity, improve operational efficiency, and support the reliability of Kijing Terminal as a strategic logistics hub for the downstream bauxite industry.The results of the study show that the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma method significantly improves operational performance at Kijing Terminal, Port of Pontianak, with an average increase in the T/S/D indicator of 51% and an increase in the Effective Time to Berthing Time (ET:BT) ratio of 71%.
References
Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong’s Handbook of Performance Management: An Evidence-Based Guide to Delivering High Performance. London: Kogan Page.
Baros, A. (2020). Analisis produktivitas alat bongkar muat komoditas batu bara pada Bontang Coal Terminal. Jurnal Transportasi dan Logistik, 7(2), 115–126.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Cronin, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension. Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 55–68.
Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut. (2017). Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Nomor HK.103/2/2/DJPL-17 tentang Pedoman Perhitungan Kinerja Pelayanan Operasional Pelabuhan. Jakarta: Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia.
Ering, E. (2021). Penerapan Lean Six Sigma dalam peningkatan kinerja bongkar muat petikemas di Terminal Petikemas Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Jurnal Teknik Industri, 16(1), 45–56.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
Martin, J. (2007). Lean Six Sigma for Supply Chain Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mashuri, M., dkk. (2022). Metode wawancara semi-terstruktur dalam penelitian manajemen operasional. Jurnal Metodologi Penelitian, 4(1), 23–34.
Nazir, M. (2014). Metode Penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
PT Pelabuhan Indonesia. (2021). Kajian Pemurnian Bisnis PT Pelindo [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelabuhan Indonesia. (2022). Peraturan Direksi Buku Panduan (Guidebook) Standardisasi Operasional Pelayanan Kapal dan Pelayanan Terminal di Lingkungan PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. (2021). Peraturan Direksi Pedoman Standar Pola Operasi Pelayanan Jasa Barang Non Petikemas Berbasis Planning and Control di Lingkungan PT Pelindo Multi Terminal [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. (2021). Peraturan Direksi Susunan Organisasi dan Tata Kelola PT Pelindo Multi Terminal [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. (2022). Rencana Jangka Panjang Perusahaan [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. (2023). Peraturan Direksi Susunan Organisasi dan Tata Kelola PT Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan].
PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. (2025). Prosedur Pelayanan Bongkar Muat Cargo Non Petikemas [Dokumen Internal Tidak Dipublikasikan]. Divisi Pengelolaan Operasi.
Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran. Jakarta.
Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 101 Tahun 2021 tentang Penggabungan PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I, II, III, dan IV (Persero). Jakarta.
Rohmatin, Y., & Yuniar, Y. (2022). Analisis Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) pada peralatan bongkar muat pelabuhan. Jurnal Teknik Industri, 13(2), 89–98.
Savitri, A. (2025). Pengaruh efisiensi waktu bongkar muat terhadap peningkatan kinerja operasional pelabuhan. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi, 10(1), 1–12.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (7th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Simanjuntak, P. J. (2005). Manajemen dan Evaluasi Kinerja. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit FEUI.
Sink, D. S., & Tuttle, T. C. (1989). Productivity Management: Planning, Measurement, and Evaluation, Control and Improvement. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Sudjatmiko, F. D. C. (2007). Pokok-Pokok Pelayaran Niaga. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Womack, J. P., & Jones, D. T. (1996). Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunitia Yunitia, Wahyu Ario Pratomo, Tuti Sarma Sinaga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
