Genealogi Hukum Ekonomi Islam Bottom-Up: Dari Praktik Perdua dan Jual Janji ke Skema Pembiayaan BRK Syariah

Bobby Ferly; Asasriwarni Asasriwarni; Ikhwan Ikhwan; Salma Salma; Elfia Elfia

doi:10.30640/ekonomika45.v13i1.5191

Authors

Bobby Ferly Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Asasriwarni Asasriwarni Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Ikhwan Ikhwan Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Salma Salma Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Elfia Elfia Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30640/ekonomika45.v13i1.5191

Keywords:

BRK Syariah, Islamic Economics, Jual Janji, Legal Genealogy, Perdua

Abstract

The discourse of Islamic economic law in Indonesia often highlights the tension between a textualist (top-down) approach and a sociological reality (bottom-up). This study traces the genealogy of Islamic economic law in Riau Province through a bottom-up approach, with a focus on the full conversion of PT Bank Riau Kepri (BRK) into an Islamic bank. This conversion was driven by regional policies and Malay-Islamic cultural identity based on the principle of "adat berandi syarak". This research fills the gap in the literature that tends to focus on formal compliance, by examining the socio-legal origins of Islamic banking products. Through qualitative methodology and three theoretical pillars—legal genealogy, the concept of living law, and the principle of 'urf in ushul fiqh—this study traces the evolution of local customary practices such as perdua (agricultural revenue sharing) and promiscuity (conditional buying and selling as an informal loan) into BRK Syariah formal financing products. The results of the analysis show that the value of partnership and risk sharing of the two is manifested in the muzara'ah and musharakah schemes, while the asset-based financing function of selling promises is refined into murabahah and musharakah mutanaqisah products. This study concludes that BRK Syariah products are the result of a contemporary synthesis between fiqh and living customary law, reflecting the privatization of Islamic economic law based on Riau Malay local wisdom.

References

Amalia, K. (2020). ’Urf sebagai metode penetapan hukum ekonomi Islam. As-Salam: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam & Pendidikan, 9(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.51226/assalam.v9i1.187

Analytica: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner. (2018). Bay’ al-Wafa’ dalam praktik masyarakat di Sumatera Utara. Analytica: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 2(1), 115–130.

Ashari, & Saptana. (2005). Prospek pembiayaan syariah untuk sektor pertanian. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 23(2), 115–131.

Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2000). Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Murabahah.

Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2008). Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 73/DSN-MUI/XI/2008 tentang Musyarakah Mutanaqisah.

Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2012). Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 85/DSN-MUI/XII/2012 tentang Al-Muzara’ah.

Faruq, U. A., & Ghofur, A. (2023). The parameters of 'urf shahih and 'urf fasid in contemporary muamalah transactions. Malia: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 14(2), 199–215.

Fatah, A. (2019). Peranan ’urf dan adat dalam pembentukan hukum Islam dan implikasinya terhadap ekonomi syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurimea.v5i1.895

Hakim, L. (2021). Applying Foucault’s genealogy to Islamic legal history: A methodological approach. Islamic Law and Society, 28(3), 275–299.

Hardiati, N., Ginanjar, W. A., Fitria, E., & Nurfauziah, A. (2023). Urf sebagai metode dan sumber hukum ekonomi syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 6(1), 18–26.

Haroen, N. (2017). Fiqh muamalah. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama.

Hasanah, U., et al. (2015). Aplikasi akad murabahah dalam agribisnis. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 3(1), 45–58.

Huda, M., & Pramanik, A. H. (2022). Indigenization of Islamic finance: A study of local wisdom in sharia banking product development. Journal of Islamic Economic Studies, 8(2), 112–130.

Khallaf, A. W. (2003). Ilmu ushul fiqih. Jakarta: Pustaka Amani.

Lukito, R. (2008). Hukum Islam dan budaya lokal: Studi akumulasi ’urf dalam fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) tentang produk perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 6(1), 45–62.

Lukito, R. (2012). Pergumulan antara hukum Islam dan adat di Indonesia. Jakarta.

Mahmud, A., & Usman, H. (2020). The concept of Bay' al-Wafa' and its comparison with modern pledging (Rahn) in Islamic finance. Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 17(2), 55–70.

Ngasifudin, M. (2016). Aplikasi muzara’ah dalam perbankan syariah. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia, 6(1), 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jesi.2016.6(1

Nugraha, A. L., Syafe’i, R., & Januri, M. F. (2021). ’Urf sebagai metode penentuan hukum dalam bisnis syari’ah. Jurnal Iqtisad: Reconstruction of Justice and Welfare for Indonesia, 8(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.31942/iq.v8i2.5693

Priambada, S. (2015). Konsep ekonomi Islam: Suatu pengantar. Yogyakarta: UII Press.

Putri, A. D., & Martana, I. G. N. (2021). Implementasi akad murabahah dan musyarakah mutanaqisah dalam pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah pada Bank Syariah Indonesia. JISPENDIORA, 3(1), 35–43.

Rahman, A. (2017). Fiqh muamalah. Jakarta: Kencana.

Rasyid, S. (2018). Optimalisasi akad muzara’ah dalam pembiayaan sektor pertanian pada bank syariah. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 8(2), 150–165.

Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 94.

Rizal, F. (2019). Penerapan ’urf sebagai metode dan sumber hukum ekonomi Islam. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 1(2), 155–176. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v1i2.167

Rofiq, A., & Hasan, F. (2023). Implementation of musyarakah mutanaqisah (MMQ) for home ownership financing in Indonesian Islamic banks. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 15(2), 210–225.

Sari, D. P., & Abdullah, N. (2021). Revitalizing muzara'ah and mukhabarah contracts for agricultural financing in modern Islamic banks. Iqtishadia: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 14(1), 88–105.

Setiady, T. (2020). Pelaksanaan pagang gadai sawah berdasarkan hukum adat di Kanagarian Koto Tinggi. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, 7(1), 1–15.

Sitepu, N. B. (2023). Analisis yuridis pelaksanaan perjanjian bagi hasil pertanian di Desa Kutarayat. Jurnal Visi Ekonomi Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 5(2), 140–150.

Sugeng, R. (2021). Sistem bagi hasil akad muzara’ah pada masyarakat petani di Kelurahan Batupapan. Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics (IJBA), 1(2), 211–226.

Vauziah, R. A., Muhammad, F. M., & Rahmadin, W. L. (2023). Studi literatur implementasi Fatwa No. 73 tentang musyarakah mutanaqishah. Fiqh: Jurnal Studi Fiqh dan Hukum, 4(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.61111/jfcft.v1i1.439

Widiastuti, T., & Cahyono, E. F. (2022). The conversion of regional development banks (BPD) to sharia principles: A case study of BRK Syariah. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics, 5(2), 134–150.

Zaini, Z. D. (2014). Kajian hukum pembiayaan dengan sistem syariah dalam sektor agribisnis di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum, 21(1), 110–125.

Zulfikar, T., & Abdullah, M. (2022). The role of ‘urf in the development of Islamic financial products in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(1), 45–60.