Perbandingan Struktur dan Perilaku Pasar Persaingan Monopolistik dan Oligopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Mikro

Shinta Jouito Samosir; Virma Dinartha Sinaga; Siti Rahma Fadillah; Yohana Tio Syarina Siringoringo; Evi Syuriani Harahap

doi:10.30640/ekonomika45.v13i2.6005

Authors

Shinta Jouito Samosir Universitas Negeri Medan
Virma Dinartha Sinaga Universitas Negeri Medan
Siti Rahma Fadillah Universitas Negeri Medan
Yohana Tio Syarina Siringoringo Universitas Negeri Medan
Evi Syuriani Harahap Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30640/ekonomika45.v13i2.6005

Keywords:

Entry Barriers, Game Theory, Innovation, Monopolistic Market, Oligopoly Market

Abstract

This study examines a comparison between the structure of monopolistic competition and oligopoly markets in microeconomics. Market structure determines competition, price formation, production levels, as well as efficiency and consumer welfare. A qualitative approach using library research is employed, reviewing relevant scientific literature and journals. The analysis results show that monopolistic competition markets have many players with differentiated products and low entry barriers. Competition is more focused on non-price strategies such as innovation, promotion, and brand image. In the long run, economic profits decrease to normal profits due to the ease of market entry, despite the existence of excess capacity. Meanwhile, the oligopoly market has few firms with high interdependence in strategic decision-making, influenced by the anticipation of competitors' reactions. Game theory models such as Cournot, Bertrand, and Stackelberg are relevant to explain the dynamics of competition. The oligopoly structure has high entry barriers and the potential for collusion, which can affect prices and consumer welfare. The comparison shows that monopolistic competition markets excel in product diversity and ease of entry, while oligopoly markets can achieve large economies of scale and drive innovation, but pose risks for anti-competitive practices. Understanding these two market structures is essential for policymakers, academics, and business practitioners.

References

Aditya, T., & Ramadhan, Z. (2025). Pengaruh digitalisasi terhadap persaingan pasar di sektor retail Indonesia. Jurnal Pemasaran dan Bisnis, 7(4), 311–322. https://www.jurnal.ekonomi.id/retail-indonesia

Ardiansyah, R., & Sholihah, M. (2025). Pengaruh struktur pasar terhadap kebijakan harga dalam industri perbankan. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 19(5), 1004–1015. https://www.journal.universitasindonesia.ac.id/ekonomi-keuangan/pendidikan/pengaruh-struktur-pasar

Aulia, R. (2025). Analisis struktur pasar dan implikasinya terhadap persaingan usaha. Circle Archive, 1, 5.

Bahri, S., Tirsya, R., & Erniwati. (2025). Struktur pasar dan persaingan harga dalam perspektif ekonomi syariah. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains, 5(9), 6946–6957. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v5i9.32434

Chairina, & Hutagaol, J. (2022). Pengaruh iklan dalam persaingan pasar monopolistik dan pasar oligopoli. All Fields of Science J-LAS, 2(2), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.58939/afosj-las.v2i2.265

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Hidayati, R., & Sari, M. (2024). Dinamika persaingan pasar monopoli dan implikasinya terhadap kesejahteraan sosial. Jurnal Ekonomi Sosial, 8(3), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.33156/jes.8.3.149

Hilwa, L., Ngutfah, U., Laela, N., Rais, M. I., & Aprianto, N. E. K. (2024). Persaingan pasar oligopoli di Indonesia. Jurnal Akademik Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 1(4), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.61722/jaem.v1i4.3321

Irawan, F. R. P., & Arifianto, T. (2025). Analisis struktur pasar dan strategi penetapan harga produk baru dalam persaingan monopolistik. Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, 6(6), 9697–9704. https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v6i6.4269

Khoir, M., Ulum, K., & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Bentuk pasar dalam teori ekonomi mikro dan ekonomi mikro Islam. Journal of Islamic Banking, 4(2), 1–29.

Kurniawan, H., & Indrawati, D. (2023). Dampak pengenalan model pasar oligopoli dalam industri otomotif Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Industri, 9(2), 87–99.

Kurniawan, R., & Pramesti, D. (2024). Analisis pasar persaingan sempurna dan aplikasi dalam ekonomi digital. Jurnal Ekonomi Digital, 3(2), 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jed.2024.02.001

Maharani, D. A., Ananda, F., Ihwanudin, C., Nurasyhari, M., Andini, & Suriyanti. (2024). Strategi persaingan di pasar oligopoli. Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia, 02(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.59966/jbi.v2i1.928

Musytari. (2025). Pasar persaingan monopolistik. Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, dan Ekonomi, 25(3).

Nasution, A., Hasibuan, W. H., Saldi, N. S., & Daulay, S. C. P. (2025). Struktur pasar persaingan tidak sempurna. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Syariah, 2(1), 184–190.

Sulaiman, H., & Purnama, D. (2023). Teori dan praktik dalam analisis persaingan pasar di sektor industri teknologi. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 11(8), 45–56.

Wibowo, A., & Sunarto, H. (2024). Strategi harga dalam pasar persaingan monopolistik di industri makanan dan minuman. Jurnal Ekonomi Industri, 4(6), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/jekonomindustri.v4i6

Wulandari, F., Putri, S. M., Wisanggeni, S. B., & Aprianto, N. E. K. (2024). Analisis model pasar oligopoli dan strategi pada industri layanan telekomunikasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(12), 3798–393.

Yasin, M., Hermansyah, H., Fitriani, Y. N., & Oktaviatul, D. (2024). Dampak oligopoli terhadap ekonomi masyarakat di wilayah Surabaya. MENAWAN: Jurnal Riset Dan Publikasi Ilmu Ekonomi, 2(1), 206–214. https://doi.org/10.61132/menawan.v2i1.162