Transportasi Publik Berbahan CNG: A Systematic Literatur Review

Abstract

This study aims to map research developments, methodological approaches, benefits, challenges, and research gaps concerning the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in public transportation in Indonesia. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted through Google Scholar using the keyword “CNG-Fueled Public Transportation,” covering articles published between 2020 and 2025. The selection process followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and involved two reviewers to validate article relevance. Of the 67 identified publications, 57 were excluded during the initial screening, while nine of the remaining ten articles were considered irrelevant. Consequently, only one article (1.5%) met the inclusion criteria, namely Fitri et al. (2021), which examined the planning of Natural Gas Refueling Stations (SPBG) in Padang City. Using the 0–1 Integer Linear Programming method under two planning scenarios, the study identified an optimal requirement of 11 refueling stations, with six locations consistently selected across both scenarios. The synthesis revealed that research on CNG in public transportation remains limited and primarily focuses on infrastructure optimization, while policy, social aspects, user acceptance, and empirical environmental impacts remain insufficiently explored. CNG offers potential benefits for operational efficiency, reduced dependence on conventional fuels, and energy transition. However, limited refueling infrastructure, investment requirements, and policy support remain major challenges. These findings indicate that research on CNG implementation remains at an early planning stage. Further multidisciplinary studies integrating technical, social, policy, and environmental perspectives are necessary to comprehensively evaluate its feasibility and impacts. The reliance on a single database and one eligible study limits the generalizability of the findings, emphasizing their preliminary nature in identifying existing research gaps.