Migrasi Pekerja Migran Non-Prosedural di Indonesia
Studi Pekerja Migran Ilegal ke Kamboja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v5i3.7582Keywords:
Cambodia, Digital Recruitment, Indonesian Migrant Workers, Nonprocedural Migration, Push–Pull Factors.Abstract
Nonprocedural migration of Indonesian workers to Cambodia creates substantial risks of fraud, exploitation, and limited access to labor protection. This study aims to analyze the migration process, push and pull factors, the role of recruiters, and prevention measures undertaken by relevant institutions. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was employed. Seven informants participated, comprising three Indonesian migrant workers who had worked in Cambodia, two prospective workers whose departures were prevented, and two institutional informants from BP3MI Banten and P4MI at Soekarno-Hatta Airport. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and documentation and analyzed using interactive and thematic procedures. The findings show that difficulty obtaining permanent employment and family economic pressure were the main push factors. Pull factors included high salaries, computer-based jobs, rapid departure arrangements, and assistance with tickets and passports. Recruiters used digital platforms, controlled travel information, and failed to provide clear employment contracts. Workers who reached Cambodia experienced passport confiscation, extended working hours, high targets, and threats. Document verification, persuasive interviews, education, and interagency coordination helped prevent risky departures. Prevention should therefore be strengthened through integrated measures beginning in workers’ places of origin and continuing throughout departure, overseas employment, repatriation, and post-return assistance.
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