Dari Privasi ke Eksploitasi : Memetakan Jejak Kriminalisasi Revenge Porn dalam Era Media Sosial

Zul Khaidir Kadir

doi:10.30640/dewantara.v4i1.3812

Authors

Zul Khaidir Kadir Universitas Muslim Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v4i1.3812

Keywords:

Criminalization, Revenge Porn, Social Media

Abstract

Revenge porn is a form of technology-based sexual violence that is increasingly developing in the digital era. This crime not only violates privacy, but also involves sexual exploitation through the distribution or threat of distribution of intimate content without consent. Unfortunately, the impact of this crime on female victims is enormous, and the legal systems in many countries still show weaknesses in dealing with its complexity. This study explores revenge porn from a criminological perspective, focusing on the perpetrator's action patterns, the vulnerability of victims, and the weaknesses of existing regulations. This study uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using a literature study and then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that revenge porn has a multidimensional impact on victims and the general public. In addition, weaknesses in regulations are still an obstacle in providing protection for victims. Existing regulations are limited to violations of privacy without considering the dimensions of sexual exploitation, gender dynamics, or the psychological impacts experienced by victims. Therefore, legal reform is needed that includes a clear definition, recognition of the gender dimension, and closer international cooperation.

References

Aborisade, R. A. (2021). Image-based sexual abuse in a culturally conservative Nigerian society: Female victims’ narrative of psychological costs. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 19(1), 220–232.

Bates, S. (2017). Revenge porn and mental health. Feminist Criminology, 12(1), 22–42.

Cole, T., Policastro, C. N., Crittenden, C. A., & McGuffee, K. M. (2020). Freedom to post or invasion of privacy? Analysis of U.S. revenge porn state statutes. Victims & Offenders, 15(1), 483–498.

Cooper, P. (2016). The right to be virtually clothed. Washington Law Review, 91(2), 817–846.

Coy, M. (2016). Joining the dots on sexual exploitation of children and women: A way forward for UK policy responses. Critical Social Policy, 36(4), 572–591.

Dymock, A., & van der Westhuizen, C. (2019). A dish served cold: Targeting revenge in revenge pornography. Legal Studies, 39(1), 361–377.

Eaton, A. A., Noori, S., Bonomi, A., Stephens, D. P., & Gillum, T. L. (2020). Nonconsensual porn as a form of intimate partner violence: Using the power and control wheel to understand nonconsensual porn perpetration in intimate relationships. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(5), 1140–1154.

Eikren, E. I., & Ingram-Waters, M. C. (2016). Dismantling ‘you get what you deserve’: Towards a feminist sociology of revenge porn. Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, 10(1), 1–19.

Fernando, Z. J., Teeraphan, P., Burkhuizen, J., & Agusalim. (2023). Revenge porn: Digital crimes and implications for victims. Kosmik Hukum, 23(2), 157–171.

Franks, M. A. (2016). Revenge porn reform: A view from the front lines. Florida Law Review, 69(1), 1251–1337.

Hearn, J., & Hall, M. (2022). From physical violence to online violation: Forms, structures, and effects: A comparison of the cases of ‘domestic violence’ and ‘revenge pornography.’ Aggression and Violent Behavior, 67(1), 1–34.

Jacobs, A. (2016). Fighting back against revenge porn: A legislative solution. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 12(1), 69–91.

Jayarathne, A., & Babu, V. S. (2017). Socio-cultural factors influencing women to be more vulnerable in natural disasters: A qualitative review on Tamil Nadu state. International Journal of Applied Research, 6(1), 1–7.

Kadir, Z. K. (2024). Psychoanalytic and crime: Is Freud’s theory still applicable in criminological research? Media Keadilan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 15(2), 95–110.

Kamal, M., & Newman, W. J. (2016). Revenge pornography: Mental health implications and related legislation. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 44(3), 359–367.

Lasarus, S. (2019). Just married: The synergy between feminist criminology and the tripartite cybercrime frameworks. International Social Science Journal, 69(231), 15–33.

Lee, C., & Ostergard, R. L. (2017). Measuring discrimination against LGBTQ people: A cross-national analysis. Human Rights Quarterly, 39(1), 37–72.

Lucas, K. T. (2022). Deepfakes and domestic violence: Perpetrating intimate partner using video technology. Victims & Offenders, 17(1), 647–659.

Mania, K. (2020). The legal implications and remedies concerning revenge porn and fake porn: A common law perspective. Sexuality & Culture, 24(1), 2079–2097.

Mappaselleng, N. F., & Kadir, Z. K. (2017). Kriminologi: Esensi dan perspektif arus utama. Arti Bumi Intaran.

Mappaselleng, N. F., & Kadir, Z. K. (2018). Rethinking cyber crime. Arti Bumi Intaran.

Neal, A. M., & Edwards, K. M. (2017). Perpetrators and victims attributions for IPV: A critical review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(1), 239–267.

Nilsson, M. V., Tzani-Pepelasis, C., Ioannou, M., & Lester, D. (2019). Understanding the link between sextortion and suicide. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 13(1), 55–69.

Peterson, C., Liu, Y., Merrick, M. T., Basile, K. C., & Simon, T. R. (2019). Lifetime number of perpetrators and victim-offender relationship status per U.S. victim of intimate partner, sexual violence, or stalking. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(1), 7284–7297.

Scott, A. J., & Gavin, J. (2017). Revenge pornography: The influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer, and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 8(2), 162–172.

Sweeny, J. (2017). Gendered violence and victim-blaming: The law’s troubling response to cyber-harassment and revenge pornography. International Journal of Technoethics, 8(1), 18–29.

Valerio, V., & Di Giacomo, D. (2022). Psychological aspects of revenge porn phenomena: Clinical perspectives. Rivista Di Psichiatria, 57(1), 10–17.