Transformasi Edukasi Antenatal melalui Kelas Ibu Hamil Berbasis Digital untuk Penguatan Literasi Kesehatan Maternal dan Kapasitas Kader

Dian Pratiwi; Yulien Adam; Senny Rondonuwu

doi:10.30640/cakrawala.v5i4.8036

Authors

Dian Pratiwi Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado
Yulien Adam Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado
Senny Rondonuwu Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30640/cakrawala.v5i4.8036

Keywords:

Antenataleducat on, Pregnancy Classes, Maternal Health Literacy, Community Health Workers, Digital Transformation

Abstract

Antenatal education plays a crucial role in helping pregnant women recognize pregnancy danger signs and make informed decisions regarding appropriate healthcare seeking. However, constraints related to time, accessibility, and flexibility in the implementation of pregnancy classes may hinder the continuity of education at the community level. This community engagement program aimed to improve maternal health literacy among pregnant women and strengthen community health worker capacity through the digital transformation of pregnancy classes. The program was conducted over one month in the working area of Tateli Primary Health Center and involved 40 participants, comprising 25 pregnant women and 15 community health workers. The intervention was delivered through a WhatsApp group and consisted of four educational sessions using e-booklets and videos. Evaluation was conducted using pretest and posttest assessments to measure changes in participants’ knowledge. The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in knowledge. Among pregnant women, the mean knowledge score increased from 49.60 to 89.68, representing an increase of 40.08 points (p<0.001). Among community health workers, the mean knowledge score increased from 51.30 to 88.93, representing an increase of 37.63 points (p<0.001). These findings indicate that digital pregnancy classes can serve as an effective educational approach to strengthen maternal health literacy and community health worker capacity at the community level.

References

Ameyaw, E. K., Amoah, P. A., & Ezezika, O. (2024). Effectiveness of mHealth apps for maternal health care delivery: systematic review of systematic reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e49510. https://doi.org/10.2196/49510

Balk, E. M., Danilack, V. A., Cao, W., Bhuma, M. R., Adam, G. P., Konnyu, K. J., & Peahl, A. F. (2023). Televisits compared with in-person visits for routine antenatal care: a systematic review. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 142(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005194

Chae, J., & Kim, H. K. (2021). Internet-based prenatal interventions for maternal health among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 127, 106079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106079

Chen, X.-W., Jiang, L.-Y., Chen, Y., Guo, L.-F., & Zhu, X.-H. (2022). Analysis of online antenatal education class use via a mobile terminal app during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04745-5

Djouma Nembot, F., Buh Nkum, C., Ateudjieu, D., Deborah, K., Ebongo Nanje, Z., Ndzana, R., Nang Nang, F. D., & Ateudjieu, J. (2025). Effectiveness of a WhatsApp-based communication on improving access to antenatal care interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: A randomized control health facility trial. Digital Health, 11, 20552076251379348. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251379349

Djouma Nembot, F., Nkemngu Afutendem, B., Nkum, C. B., Ateudjieu, D., Kakapen, D., Ebongo Nanje, Z., Ndzana, R., Nang Nang, F. D., & Ateudjieu, J. (2026). Effectiveness of WhatsApp-based education on improving access to maternal health: A systematic review. Digital Health, 12, 20552076261428150. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076261428152

Kachimanga, C., Zaniku, H. R., Divala, T. H., Ket, J. C. F., Mukherjee, J. S., Palazuelos, D., Kulinkina, A. V, Abejirinde, I.-O. O., & Akker, T. van den. (2024). Evaluating the adoption of mHealth technologies by community health workers to improve the use of maternal health services in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 12, e55819.

Knop, M. R., Nagashima-Hayashi, M., Lin, R., Saing, C. H., Ung, M., Oy, S., Yam, E. L. Y., Zahari, M., & Yi, S. (2024). Impact of mHealth interventions on maternal, newborn, and child health from conception to 24 months postpartum in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Medicine, 22(1), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192635

Meldgaard, M., Gamborg, M., & Maindal, H. T. (2022a). Health literacy levels among women in the prenatal period: A systematic review. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 34, 100796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100796

Meldgaard, M., Gamborg, M., & Maindal, H. T. (2022b). Health literacy levels among women in the prenatal period: A systematic review. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 34, 100796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100796

Mishra, M., Parida, D., Murmu, J., Singh, D., Rehman, T., Kshatri, J. S., & Pati, S. (2023). Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for monitoring antenatal care among pregnant women in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare, 11(19), 2635. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03417-9

Nawabi, F., Krebs, F., Vennedey, V., Shukri, A., Lorenz, L., & Stock, S. (2021). Health literacy in pregnant women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073847

Persis, J., Kathirvel, S., Chopra, S., & Singh, A. (2023). Effectiveness of mHealth‐based educational interventions to improve self‐care during pregnancy: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial from northern India. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 163(1), 177–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14792DigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)

Scharff, D., Enard, K. R., Tao, D., Strand, G., Yakubu, R., & Cope, V. (2022). Community health worker impact on knowledge, antenatal care, and birth outcomes: a systematic review. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 26(1), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03299-w

Schnitman, G., Wang, T., Kundu, S., Turkdogan, S., Gotlieb, R., How, J., & Gotlieb, W. (2022). The role of digital patient education in maternal health: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 105(3), 586–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.06.019

Whitworth, K., Donnellan‐Fernandez, R., & Fleet, J. (2024). Women’s experiences of online antenatal education: An integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(5), 1761–1775. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15957

World Health Organization. (2023). Data Indonesia : Health data overview for the Republic of Indonesia. World Health Organization. https://data.who.int/countries/360?utm

World Health Organization. (2025a). Global strategy on digital health 2020-2027. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116870?utm

World Health Organization. (2025b). Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 : Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division. https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/29f43a3d-2228-489c-b1e7-b2f28e9101ce/content